Happy new year all, 2021 will be
the year national Norwegian politics could change forever, and as that is an interesting regardless of what your views are of the political spectrum I thought I should share a quick overview of what is happening and why it is important.
*Illustration from the 2017 election
Basic facts:
- Norway is a parliamentary system
- There are traditionally 7 big national parties
- As of the last election, there are 2 additional parties in parliament, but just with 1 MP each
-
- These 9 parties split into the left block and the right block.
- Each party declares their side before the election (not by law) and state which prime minister candidate they will support.
(In Norway we call them, directly translated: The Socialist Block and The Bourgeoisie Block/The Non-Socialist Block)
- The Conservative Party and the Labour Party were traditionally the biggest party of their respective block, and their party leader is almost always the declared candidate
The 2021 election will be held on
September 13th.
Basic rules:
- Each province has a set of MPs to elect
- Each party submits a ranked list of MPs (voters can technically vote on individuals within the list and thus push a person upwards)
- The higher the party's percentage in the province, the more MPs are selected
-
- There is then national allocation for parties that are out of synch with the national average (i.e. otherwise you could get 10% nationally, but not get any MPs)
- To qualify for national allocation you need to get more than 4% nationally
IMPORTANT: This 4% rule can make or break elections, as parties making it will get 7+ MPs, not making it can lead to 0 MPs (unless strong in specific provinces).
The Parties: (and their result in the last election)
The Past and Allegiences
As you can see from the results above, there was a difference of just 7 MPs between the Left Block (the losers) and the Right Block (the winners).
Traditionally both the left block and the right block and two parties that could swing the election.
The Left consisted of one major party, the Labour Party, usually at
around 40+%, and two smaller parties, The Socialist Left and the Centre Party (previously: The Farmers Party) - both the latter could get close to 4% in polls and sending everyone frantic - though it never happened.
The right consisted of two major parties, The Conservative Party (Standard Liberals) and The Progress Party (Nationalists, Populists), and two smaller parties - the Christian People's Party and the Liberal Party, these smaller parties would also frequently flirt with 4%, but again - it never happened.
What Has Changed - The Big Parties
Over the last 4 years something quite extraordinary has happened:
1. The Progress Party has reportedly halved their support (down to 1 third of their heyday). They have gone from being a party around the 20% mark to a party under the 10% mark - this means there is only 1 major party on the right: the Conservative Party.
2. Meanwhile, the exact opposite has happened on the left - The Centre Party - driven by a populist uprising against the centralization of the Liberal-Conservative government are now polling higher or equal to the Labour party. Both parties are now at approximately 20%.
3. For this to happen, the Labour Party has lost half their support over the last decade, and is
smaller than ever before. They have been Norway's biggest party for about 100 years, and the only one capable of forming majority governments alone. Today, the conservative party is the biggest party, though only with a national average of 25%.
What Has Changed - The Smaller Parties
4. The Socialist Left is consistently increasing their support (after destroying their base when staying in government during the Iraq war), they are consistently polling at 7-8% - and they are
the only smaller party out of the danger zone.
5.
Neither of the smaller right block parties have polled above 4% in over a year. The Christian Democracts are consistently between 3.3% and 3.9%, meaning they still have a shot of going over. Meanwhile, the Liberal Party has a national average of 2.7% in January. Their highest national average in the last year was 3.5, and they are often under 3%. It will be impossible for the right to win power without both, or at least one of these parties going above 4%.
What Has Changed: The Micro Parties:
*While you need to reach 4% to be allocated MPs, you can get individuals elected from specific regions, and this is what The Red Party and The Green Party managed to do -
both with 1 MP each. The Green Party has been in parliament with 1 MP for two terms, while the Red Party has been in parliament for 1 term.
6.
The Red Party has gotten increasing support and is taking support for The Labour Party.
They are consistently above 4% in all national polls (only below, at 3.6%, April last year). They often poll above 5% in individuals polls, but also often below 4%. They are likely to win through and enter parliament with a large group of MPs.
7. The Green Party is performing better in National averages than both the right block parties, and while at 3.8% this month, they have been above 4% in all previous national average. They are quite likely to enter parliament with a large group.
8. Both the Red Party and the Green Party have declared their allegiance to the Left block, though the Green Party flirted with both sides last election. (the only other party to do so is the Christian People's Party). Both of these parties could in the future switch sides, but at present it is unlikely.
What this means:
1. The Right block currently sits with only
40%, while
the left block has 57% support. A change in government seems inevitable.
2. The Centre Party may be ther largest left-leaning party in the election, and
it is possible that the prime minister will NOT be from the Labour party.
3. The two smaller right-leaning parties will most likely be replaced by 1-2 left-leaning parties -
both achieving electoral success for the first time.
4. Possible big complications: Both the Red Party and The Green Party have aggressive
environmental policies as key priorities and these clash with the sensibilities of Labour and the Centre Party. They will be kept out of power at all cost - and the "risk" is that the old Left block coalition will depend on these parties. Both the major left-block parties are also highly sceptical of the Red Party (despite moderating their push towards communism).
-
As a citizen, though I no longer live there - seeing 2 parties disappear and 2 new parties - rooted on mainly by younger voters coming into a large degree of power will at the very least be extremely interesting. It is also an odd shift for the left block - where in one way it is likely to go further left (with the Red Party gaining power) but in the other going right (with the Centre Party stronger than ever).
It is also a big change as the Centre Party stands for decentralization (slightly ironic I know) and we may see further devolution of power, and a re-strenghtening of infrastructure across the country - whereas the Liberal-Conservative government has, for the last 8 years, forced both Communes and Provinces to merge, removing hospitals, police stations, etc. to the anger and despair of people in rural areas - hence the Centre Party'æs unbelievable growth.