Claude Charbrol & 3 of Those 4 Films He Made in the Early 1960s Critics/Academics Often Don't Include in the French New Wave
So, I went on a mini-binge here ...
I have long wondered why Chabrol is often written out of the French New Wave canon so early - despite being a Cahiers du cinema writer (theoretically giving him instant inclusion) yet films like Wise Guys (which JLG listed as one of the 6 best post-WW2 French films back in '68), Landru and Ophelia - made in 1961, 1962 and 1963 respectively - before Godard even did Bande à part - are generally not mentioned.
After seeing them, the main reason is clear: they're just not very good.
They honestly feel closer to works from the low-tier new wavers no one talks about, like Pierre Kast and Jacques Doniol-Valcroze (he even co-founder Cahier du cinema - but his films are so mediocre people still don't want to talk about him).
Anyhow, these films do deserve to be included, and they do actually - despite being among his worst films - and certainly among the weakest of the movement - all have something interesting about them.
Let's dive in, shall we.
Les godelureaux / Wise Guys (1961)
Now - Wise Guys is a thoroughly bizarre film that seems a bit like 40s Jacques Becker meets low-brow Pierre Étaix (ok, just barely) ...
Ok, no, it is rather like he wanted to do Jules and Jim or Bande à part before his colleagues.
The base elements are actually there - an outlandish duo/trio muck about Paris - have fun - play tricks and something more sinister occurs.
It has the same freshness of just being out on the street - it has the bits of choppiness and shakiness of the earliest new wave films. It has the play - and it has Paris! In fact, the film starts with Paris, and a group of jokers carrying a car onto the pavement so they can part. Their spot they say - only trouble is - the overly rich and mischievous Roland (Jean-Claude Brialy) decides to get payback.
The results are outlandish grooming and practical jokes, as he establishes himself in the perpetrator's lives - especially that of Arthur - who he sets up with a woman designed to break his heart - Ambroisine (early Chabrol regular Bernadette Lafont) - and so - as in a nihilistic, long joke - we watch it all unfold.
The problem is - it just feels silly - including Roland's bizarre-looking butler/servant - and the entire set-up (now this is where I see a pinch of Étaix). Honestly, the film is tonally confused - attempting to play callous, sinister humour - too an extent - but feeling too mild. It just has no power. The characters are flat or uninteresting - and while well shot and made from a technical perspective - thereæs neither life - not a kind of nihilistic coldness - in the frames. It just exists.
Pondering over the elements of the plot - one ray of light was the possibility of metaphor.
Roland comes from the left bank, and drives into Paris (not his terrain) where people thinking they own the spot throw him out - lead of course by Arthur (I have seen it claimed that Godard later used Arthur as a pun on auteur in Bande à part - this could be the case here too). If that is the case the film is really enjoying some beef between Left Bank and Cahiers du Cinema - and how they went on to cause rockus together. There's even some American allusions there. No idea if this reading really holds up - but it would give it some added value. 5/10.
Landru (1963)
Landru is based on the live of real-life serial killer, Henri Désiré Landru - the same story Chaplin covered in Monsieur Verdoux - and as a fascinating trivia both films were disasters to the point that they could have ended the directors' respective careers (or at least, so the film trivia goes).
The similarities so end there, though I will say Landu is the best of these 3 films.
Shot in colour (Chabrol's second - first being '59s À double tour) - the visuals are often lavish. Chabrol seemed to want to work with as many colours as possible - especially in the apartments. Stylized, yet stripped back - Chabrol clearly tries to do something interesting with the tale - and to an extent - he does succeed.
Our lead, Charles Denner, has nowhere near the charisma of Chaplin - and stikes a bit of a silly picture at first - but as the film grows on he does start to fill in the role quite well. A large part of that is due to Chabrol and his editor and how they decide to cut. At one point we see Landru go through a long set of victims - and it is done with a degree of callous play.
The murders themselves are entirely written out - only alluded to - and again with stripped back elements that slowly becomes humorous.
All the same, it is neither a strong black comedy - nor a striking drama or thriller. It is solid, good, but nothing more - and a large part of this is once again on Chabrol. The visuals are just a little off - they don't have magnetism - yes, perhaps we can blame cinematographer Jean Rabier - who worked on all these 3 films - and perhaps the lack of experience in colour - but it really seems to set itself up for mediocre compositions - even when the colours are striking.
Note: Jean Rabier would do The Umbrellas of Cherbourg the next year, and did Cleo in between.
The way WW1 is worked in is also quite off tonally, feeling as if it is played for comedy - but not really hitting any marks for me. The latter parts of the film also loses a little steam, but it is decent/good enough until the end. 5.5-6/10.
Ophelia (1963)
Ophelia is a surprisingly clever and playful take on Hamlet - setting it to present day - and making it fairly genius in that the lead character is both in a similar situation to Hamlet and is interpreting the situation - to an extent through Hamlet - more specifically Laurence Olivier's 1948 film. This could have been the set-up for a masterpiece - especially as it replaces the play Hamlet puts on to showcase his theory - with a short film. Film on film - an unstable reality - and an Ophelia that is not Ophelia but Lucy - makes the film jump out of the page.
But: what on earth has happened to Chabrol?
Again we see perfectly solid compositions - but it is the tone, how the actors deliver their lines - the atmosphere and life - that is bringing it all down. This simply does not feel like the work of an experienced and talented director. True, this was still in his first 6 years as a filmmaker, but it was his 9th film ...
Don't get my wrong - most is adequate - though theatricality, weak acting, etc. does bring it down. It feels a little too comical, even when it would seem like it should seem serious. Just as with Wise Guys, there appears to be tonal confusion - but again - a perfectly adequate film. 5.5/10.
Final note:
It is important for the context that even though The Good Time Girls is often the last film included among Chabrol's new wave efforts, the above three films - along with The Third Lover (1962 - which I also rated 5/10) were films that Chabrol specifically wanted to make. It was only after the financial failures of almost all of his 60s films (including his wonderful The Good Time Girls) - which then forced him to do the adventure film An Orchid for the Tiger in 1964 - which I have not yet seen - but would be a much clearer point of diversion from the path of his Cahiers du cinema colleagues.